Dicyclopentadithienothiophene-based non-fullerene acceptors for ternary blend organic photovoltaics
Shakil N.
Afraj, 
‡ab
Bing-Huang
Jiang,‡c
Yu-Wei
Su,d
Chien-Hung
Yang,c
Hui-Shan
Shih,d
Arulmozhi
Velusamy,a
Jen-Shyang
Ni,
e
Yamuna
Ezhumalai,a
Ting-Yu
Su,a
Cheng-Liang
Liu,
f
Shuhelin
Yau,a
Chih-Ping
Chen
*cg
and
Ming-Chou
Chen
*a
*
Corresponding authors
a
Department of Chemistry and Research Centre of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Module, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
E-mail:
mcchen@ncu.ncu.tw
b
Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Chemistry Centre (AMCC), Khalifa University, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
c
Department of Materials Engineering and Organic Electronics Research Centre, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
E-mail:
cpchen@mail.mcut.edu.tw
d
Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
e
Advanced Research and Technology Centre (Photo-SMART), National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
f
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
g
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
Abstract
The ternary strategy can be used to optimize the light harvesting, energy level alignment, and blend morphology of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Therefore, herein four non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), INDCDTT-b16 (1), INFDCDTT-b16 (2), INClDCDTT-b16 (3) and INBrDCDTT-b16 (4), featuring dicyclopentadithienothiophene (DCDTT) as the core with soluble branched alkyl side chains with indanone (IN), and its fluoro-(INF), chloro-(INCl) and bromo-(INBr) derivatives as an electron-accepting end group, have been rationally designed and synthesized from simple and readily available starting materials for PM6:Y6-based ternary OPVs. The thermal, optical and electrochemical properties of 1–4 have been studied extensively. Following optimization, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased from 15.26% for the PM6:Y6 based OPV to 16.27% for the PM6:Y6:INDCDTT-b16 (1) based OPV. In contrast, ternary OPVs based on NFAs 2, 3, and 4 exhibited PCEs of 14.58%, 15.11%, and 15.14%, respectively. Through tapping-mode atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis, we confirmed that the introduction of NFAs into PM6:Y6 binary blend films/devices enables adjustment of the blend morphology, leading to improvements in carrier mobility, bimolecular/trap-assisted suppressed recombination, and charge collection. This study demonstrates that our NFA molecular design strategy and further addition of INDCDTT-b16 (1) as a guest acceptor are effective for the construction of high-performance OPVs.
Supplementary files
Article information
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TC04294D
- Article type
- Paper
- Submitted
- 21 Nov 2023
- Accepted
- 22 Dec 2023
- First published
- 18 Jan 2024
J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, Advance Article
Permissions
Dicyclopentadithienothiophene-based non-fullerene acceptors for ternary blend organic photovoltaics
S. N. Afraj, B. Jiang, Y. Su, C. Yang, H. Shih, A. Velusamy, J. Ni, Y. Ezhumalai, T. Su, C. Liu, S. Yau, C. Chen and M. Chen,
J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, Advance Article
, DOI: 10.1039/D3TC04294D
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